Hight Line - Nova Iorque

O High Line, parque urbano inaugurado em 2008 em Nova Iorque, é definitivamente um dos espaços públicos mais celebrados e visitados na cidade nos últimos tempos e tem se tornado uma referência mundial pela qualidade do desenho urbano e pelo sucesso como estratégia de renovação de áreas centrais degradadas.

Mas o que poucos sabem é que o High Line é o resultado de um amplo processo de parcerias e debates entre a comunidade local e a municipalidade de Nova Iorque, que incluiu um Concurso Internacional de Ideias, realizado em 2003, e posteriormente um Concurso de Projetos com etapa de pré-qualificação, realizado em 2004.

Veja a seguir um pouco da história e dos registros desse processo:

O que é o High Line

O High Line é um parque urbano linear, implantado sobre uma linha férrea elevada construída em 1930 e posteriormente desativada, no lado oeste de Manhattan.

Em 1999, diante de ameaças de empreendedores que pretendiam demolir o elevado, um grupo de residentes da vizinhança criou a ONG Friends of the High Line, com a missão de transformar a estrutura elevada até então abandonada em um espaço público repleto de áreas verdes e passeios. Depois de três anos de planejamento e negociações jurídicas, a ONG convenceu a municipalidade de que o High Line traria grandes melhorias para o ambiente construído e estimularia o crescimento econômico da área. Em Dezembro de 2002 a Cidade de Nova Iorque deu o primeiro passo, mudando a legislação e transformando o elevado em um espaço público para circulação de pedestres.

Concurso Internacional de Ideias – 2003

Em Janeiro de 2003, a organização Friends of the High Line anunciou o concurso internacional de ideias Designing the High Line, com o objetivo de reunir e selecionar propostas inovadoras de transformação e reutilização do espaço. Os projetos não deveriam necessariamente ser práticas e realistas, uma vez que a intenção daquele concurso era criar novas visões e reflexões sobre o lugar. 720 equipes, de 36 países, submeteram propostas para o concurso. Os quatro premiados, além das menções e mais de 150 projetos selecionados fizeram parte de uma grande exposição, inaugurada em Julho de 2003. Clique aqui para conhecer os projetos premiados do concurso de ideias.

Concurso de Projetos com Pré-qualificação – 2004

Em 2004, a partir dos debates e reflexões gerados pelo concurso de ideias de 2003, o Friends of High Line e a municipalidade de Nova Iorque lançaram um processo de seleção que incluiu uma pré-qualificação de candidaturas, seguida de um concurso de projetos. 52 equipes fizeram parte da primeira etapa de seleção, dos quais 4 foram destacados como finalistas. Os 4 escritórios finalistas foram convidados a apresentar soluções projetuais para a área. As propostas fizeram parte de uma exposição aberta ao público em Nova Iorque, no verão de 2004. Clique nos links a seguir para conhecer os projetos finalistas:

James Corner Field Operations and Diller Scofidio + Renfro

Zaha Hadid Architects with Balmori Associates, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, and studio MDA

Steven Holl Architects with Hargreaves Associates and HNTB

TerraGRAM: Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates with D.I.R.T. Studio and Beyer Blinder Belle

Em Outubro de 2004, uma comissão composta por representantes da municipalidade de Nova Iorque e da ONG Friends of the High Line selecionaram o projeto da equipe formada pelos escritórios James Corner Field Operations (paisagismo) and Diller Scofidio + Renfro (arquitetura). Clique aqui para a ficha técnica completa do projeto.

Este projeto é uma mostra do que a arquitetura é capaz, modificando uma Hight Line sucateada, uma verdadeira cicatriz no meio de Nova Iorque transformando-a num parque urbano de alto nível com ciclovias, espaços de leitura, de lazer entre outros com qualidade. Mobiliarios urbanos bem projetados gerando espaços de aconchego a sociedade. Tudo proveniente de um concurso de ideias, vejam a importancia destas iniciativas.


fonte:
http://concursosdeprojeto.org/2012/01/10/high-line-nova-iorque/#

Architects: DP Architects
Location: 36 Boon Teck Road, Singapore 329 605
Principal Architect: Jaye Tan Jia Yee
Main Contractor: Lay Construction
Site Area: 137.3 sqm
Building Area: 284.97sqm (GFA)
Photographs: Courtesy of DP Architects



This typical 3-storey plus roof terrace inter-terrace residential unit aims to demonstrate a New Sustainable Residential Typology for Landed Houses acclimatised to the Tropical Climate of Singapore. The architecture is driven by the principles of passive design and energy efficient systems are then supplemented to achieve ideal indoor environmental qualities (thermal and light qualities) if required.

SUMMARY OF KEY SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES

Passive Design for Thermal Comfort and Daylighting Given the site orientation of this terrace is fixed at NW-SE frontage orientation, self shading using upper floor, balcony, shading devices, and landscaping are used to mitigate interior heat gain. Innovative external thermal plaster and high solar reflectance index external finishes is also used to further insulate against heat gain on critical envelops. Building planning and fenestration design is designed to encourage natural ventilation and cross ventilation. A central stairwell has enhanced stack effect of a traditional airwell due to the heated Photovoltaic skylight roof, allowing more draft within the house. To harness the airflow, internal walls are predominantly full height sliding panels. Natural ventilation is also planned for in the scenario of monsoon seasons, tackling water penetration. Bedroom doors are detailed with sliding ventilation panels for cross-ventilation. Daylighting is uniformly distributed throughout the elongated terrace typology with central skylighting.

Renewable Resources and Energy Efficiency To push the limits of a self-sustaining residence, allocated photovoltaic panels generate the Hybrid DC air-conditioner. Solar thermal collectors are also installed to power a DC hot water heater for a zero to low energy system. Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) panels clad entire roof. An innovative BIPV and ceiling composite design integrates ventilation slots, water, heat and noise insulation so that the BIPV ceiling composite roof replaces the need for the conventional roof. PV external landscape lighting is also installed. And to achieve a zero to low energy residence, all artificial lights are energy efficient LEDs. To further promote a green lifestyle, a solar charging unit integrated with the external metering compartment has been fitted for charging of electronics and solar bicycle.

Environmental Quality through Landscaping Within the constraint of small outdoor areas, trees and vertical climbers are planted at strategic location for shading of building envelop. In addition, a vertical green wall clad the back boundary wall facing the patio. This also helps to increase the Green Plot Ratio at the same time. This increase in greenery to the residence provides a perceived lower in ambient temperature for indoor comfort and occupant enjoyment. To reduce requirements on potable water, the roof has been designed such that rainwater fallen on site is also naturally channeled to landscape planter areas as irrigation.

Sustainable Construction and Buildability To optimise buildability and speed of construction, the superstructure is a steel framework construction with lightweight metal composite floor. And to reduce the requirement of resources for building materials reclaimed timber is used for all timber flooring areas, and felled trees have been recycled as furniture such as tables and vanity tops. Construction recycled materials are extensively used for substructure (‘Eco-concrete’ with Recycled Concrete Aggregate and cement-replacement-milled waste) and eco finishes (primarily SGLS accredited) have been used extensively to ensure environmental protection and good indoor air quality. All glazing panels are also designed in similar modular standard sizes to minimise wastage of material.

Construction Process and Capability Enhancements As part of Integrated Design Process for productivity, the design was generated using BIM software (Revit) which also assists the integrated usage of advanced computer aided simulation for solar, natural ventilation studies (CFD), daylight quality assessment, and PV optimisation design.


fonte:
http://www.archdaily.com/199918/36-btrd-dp-architects/

St. Petersburg Pier Competition

the proposal created by danish firm BIG architects is one of three shortlisted submissions for
the st. petersburg pier international design competition.
the masterplan will organize and harmonize a variety of individual events along a network of
paths, merging to form the iconic pier structure which will gradually flow
into the waters of tampa bay. the branching pattern will collectively form
the 'tributary park' containing native plantings of diverse color schemes.
the gardens will highlight the programmatic sectors of the park including
the museum, observation deck, playgrounds and natural forested areas.

bustling activity will be channeled towards the 'wave walk' which undulates to dip and rise from the water, framing a swimming pool and small holding area for kayaks, canoes and small scale boats. similar to the waves of the ocean, the increasing momentum generated by the volumes of people circulating onto the pier culminates by looping the promenade overhead, sheltering people underneath and providing elevated views from the generated roof terrace. the plaza below the arch may be used for outdoor markets and as a band shell pavilion for concerts. the public spaces terminate with a platform which submerges into the bay creating an additional view towards the city. exhibition spaces, banquet halls and other public spaces will by placed inside the sculptural building.

fonte:

http://www.designboom.com/weblog/cat/9/view/17934/big-architects-st-petersburg-pier-competition-shortlist.html